Gestão à distância: um estudo de impactos em gestores e equipes de empresa brasileira do setor de serviços

Abstract

Este estudo tem como propósito central investigar gestores que atuam sob modelos de gestão à distância, com vistas a melhor compreender desafios por eles vivenciados para a condução de suas equipes, bem como a percepção desses quanto ao novo modo de organização virtual do trabalho. Utilizando pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, o estudo de caso envolveu a adoção de entrevistas semiestruturadas e em profundidade junto a gestores e especialistas durante a pandemia da COVID-19, que atingiu e alterou formas de organização e processos de trabalho de gestores e equipes, com atividades antes realizadas de forma presencial, reajustadas para o meio virtual. Os dados obtidos por meio de entrevistas foram agrupados, categorizados, analisados e possibilitaram evidenciar importantes aspectos acerca da gestão à distância associados à liderança e ao desempenho de equipes, incluindo o uso da tecnologia como dispositivo de integração, acompanhamento, agilização de processos de tomada de decisões. Por outro lado, evidenciam-se desafios sobre o equilíbrio entre vida pessoal e profissional, controle e administração do tempo, delegação de tarefas, relacionamento interpessoal. Com relação às competências e características mais relacionados à gestão a distância destacam-se a adaptabilidade, proximidade, abertura, organização do tempo e proatividade.

This study has the central purpose of investigating managers who work under remote management models, with a view to better understanding the challenges they experience for the management of their teams, as well as their perception of the new way of virtual organization of work. We used the Qualitative Research method, with a case study, the tool used was the interview with a semi-structured script. Nine employees were interviewed, including managers and staff, during the COVID-19 pandemic that affected and changed the entire work process of managers and teams, making various activities that were carried out in person need to be readjusted to the virtual environment. The interview data were grouped, categorized and analyzed to facilitate reading and understanding the study. The research findings showed important aspects about distance management, several factors were identified to facilitate the leadership and performance of the teams such as: use of technology as a tool to maintain frequent contacts, execution model for monitoring and direction, agility to return the demands, profile of the teams being managed, support given by the organization for technological issues, use of the home office as a workplace. The challenges that stood out the most among the interviewees were: balance between personal and professional life, control and time management, staying close but not taking on tactical activities, not overcoming the immediate manager, delegating questions to the teams so as not to be triggered in simple demands (in this case, the increase in these demands was perceived by the insecurity of the pandemic moment), maintaining proximity and the result even without the physical presence. Regarding the competences and characteristics most related to the distance management that presented themselves most in the interviews: adaptability, proximity, openness, time organization, execution model.