Rastreabilidade na cadeia do biodiesel com uso de tecnologia de Blockchain

Abstract

Traceability and transparency of information in agribusiness production chains are two concepts that are gaining international relevance. Information about the set of activities developed in the acquired production process, as well as the requirement for products with origin that respect socio-environmental aspects, are becoming decisive factors in negotiations between companies and countries. In this context, the biodiesel production chain, with soybeans as its main source of raw material, presents great difficulty in guaranteeing the traceability of the product's origin and the necessary information to enable the issuance of Decarbonization Credits by the biodiesel plants, thus reducing revenue from these plants. A technology that shows great potential to guarantee both traceability and transparency in the production chain is blockchain. Although it was created with the objective of being the network structure that coordinates Bitcoin and its transactions, its immutable, decentralized and anonymous nature allows applicability in several links of a production chain. Given this potential, this work presents a mapping of a functional model for the Biodiesel production chain based on soy as a raw material, using the concepts of the SPIℂA framework in a blockchain network as a basis, in order to ensure traceability from the grain produced up to the Decarbonisation Credits (CBIOs) issued, enabling the financial flow from CBIOS to grain producers.

Rastreabilidade e transparência de informações em cadeias produtivas do agronegócio são dois conceitos que vêm ganhando relevância internacional. Informações sobre o conjunto de atividades desenvolvidas no processo produtivo adquirido, assim como a exigência de produtos com procedência que respeitem aspectos sócio ambientais, estão se tornando fatores decisivos em negociações entre empresas e países. Nesse contexto a cadeia produtiva do biodiesel, com a soja como sua maior fonte de matéria-prima, apresenta grande dificuldade de garantir a rastreabilidade da origem do produto e informações necessárias para viabilizar a emissão de Créditos de descarbonização pelas usinas de biodiesel, reduzindo assim a receita destas usinas. Uma tecnologia que mostra grande potencial para garantir tanto a rastreabilidade, quanto a transparência na cadeia produtiva é o blockchain. Apesar de ter sido criada com o objetivo de ser a estrutura de rede que coordena o Bitcoin e suas transações, sua natureza imutável, descentralizada e anônima permite aplicabilidade em diversos elos de uma cadeia produtiva. Dado este potencial, este trabalho apresenta um mapeamento de um modelo funcional para cadeia produtiva do Biodiesel a partir da soja como matéria-prima, utilizando como base os conceitos do framework SPIℂA em uma rede blockchain, com objetivo de garantir a rastreabilidade desde o grão produzido até o Créditos de descarbonização (CBIOs) emitido, viabilizando o fluxo financeiro do CBIOS até os produtores de grãos.

ABSTRACT Traceability and transparency of information in agribusiness production chains are two concepts that are gaining international relevance. Information about the set of activities developed in the acquired production process, as well as the requirement for products with origin that respect socio-environmental aspects, are becoming decisive factors in negotiations between companies and countries. In this context, the biodiesel production chain, with soybeans as its main source of raw material, presents great difficulty in guaranteeing the traceability of the product's origin and the necessary information to enable the issuance of Decarbonization Credits by the biodiesel plants, thus reducing revenue from these plants. A technology that shows great potential to guarantee both traceability and transparency in the production chain is blockchain. Although it was created with the objective of being the network structure that coordinates Bitcoin and its transactions, its immutable, decentralized and anonymous nature allows applicability in several links of a production chain. Given this potential, this work presents a mapping of a functional model for the Biodiesel production chain based on soy as a raw material, using the concepts of the SPIℂA framework in a blockchain network as a basis, in order to ensure traceability from the grain produced up to the Decarbonisation Credits (CBIOs) issued, enabling the financial flow from CBIOS to grain producers.