FGV EBAPE - Teses, Pós-Doutorado em Administração

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    Vieses orçamentários em entes subnacionais: uma análise sob a ótica da estimação das receitas estaduais
    (2016-09-05) Fajardo, Bernardo de Abreu Guelber
    This study presents the thesis that the Brazilian states have an incentive to manipulate its budget revenues’ forecast aiming to expand its discretion in the management of public accounts as a way to escape the limitations imposed by the national federal structure (in political, fiscal and administrative aspects). We start from the assumption that because of the institutional similarity between the state level and the federal level, the strategic behavior of budget revenues’ forecast would be similar to the behavior performed by the incumbent of the central entity. This presupposes that state executives tend to overestimate their budget revenues to accommodate the wishes of state legislators - as described by Pereira and Mueller (2014). The observation of empirical data, however, shows that at specific times, state executives underestimate their budget revenues’ forecasts. The investigation into the apparent contradiction in the behavior of the agents is what motivates the realization of this thesis. Regarding the complexity surrounding the forecast process of budget revenues (Beaver, 1991) in order to give greater rigor to these results, we propose an algebraic exercise to identify the amount of prediction error that can be attributed to the state executives’ discretionary budget manipulation, separating other components as errors arising from random aspects. This exercise is performed for the Total Reveue and for the main component of the states’ Budget Revenue (Tax Revenue), aiming to capture differences in behavior between such items, as noted by Aquino and Azevedo (2015). Finally, econometric panel data models are used to test hypotheses concerning the Brazilian federalism (in its fiscal, political and administrative aspects) to justify the share of discretionary error in each of the analyzed items. The results support the thesis presented, identifying that the Brazilian states use the forecast of discretionary budget revenues according to their momentary needs, so that when it identifies the need to enlarge the support of the Legislative Assembly, it overestimates budgeted revenues to facilitate the accommodation of requests from state parliament. Conversely, in times in which identifies fiscal pressure, the state underestimates up their budget revenues to request more funds transfer from the federal government
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    Regulação da comunicação de massa: novas perspectivas teóricas conceituais para o contexto brasileiro
    (2009) Pieranti, Octavio Penna
    The objective of this thesis is to analyze, in the Brazilian context, the similarities and differences between the concepts of control, technical and economic regulation and social control of the mass media. This analysis can be divided into two dependent parts: in the first, these concepts are discussed refined; and in the second, they are placed in the Brazilian context. The first part is based on an extensive literature review, which considered different theories and perspectives, such as the Liberal, the Marxist and the Neo-institutional approaches. In the second, the historical method and interviews are used to trace a broad panel of public administration in the field of communications, considering the following aspects: the formation of regulatory authorities; legal changes; the development of mass communication in the country; the challenges of public management; and mechanisms inherent to the central concepts treated here. Often, this approach forced the contextualization of the communications field in light of a broader reality, focusing on the Brazilian and international scenarios of public administration. The conclusion of this work is also divided into two parts. Firstly, it emphasizes the need for a critical approach of old theoretical perspectives, such as the one based on the logic of law and rights and the other centered on value-judgment logic about a supposed 'nature' of the mass media. In the second part of the conclusion, specific limitations of the Brazilian context are highlighted, such as the imprecision of normative documents and the historical proximity between state and market, and their relation to the concepts studied here.
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    Gestão de defesa: o sistema de inovação no segmento de não-guerra
    (2013-11-04) Franco-Azevedo, Carlos Eduardo
    With the end of the Cold War and the events that took place on 'September 11', new threats have emerged, negatively impacting the perception of collective security, and imposing profound changes in the structure and mode of action of the Military of various nations. The social marginalization, drug trafficking, organized crime, environmental degradation and many other threats, have made some nations found themselves motivated to employ its armed forces primarily to combat these ills, i.e., in the 'Operations Others Than The War' (OOTW). This phenomenon has caused a up-sege in military science, as reflected in the social, political and economic, triggering a process known as 'Defense Transformation or Revolution of Military Affairs (RMA)', which is only feasible with the rupture of some traditional management models and the introduction of a new organizational culture that promotes an environment suited to the process of innovation in the Defense sector. To manage this process, there should be a sectorial innovation system of defense, which, as pointed research is fragmented and disjointed, which produces fundamentally incremental innovations and rarely disruptive ones. It is a virtual system that does not formally exist as such, but it has all the necessary infrastructure to operate as a formal system and manageable. The research, of epistemological structuralism similarities, aimed to develop a conceptual model for managing the innovation system of the Defense sector (OOTW segment), based on an subjacent structure unveiled that, covertly, support the current system. The unveiling of this structure allowed us to conclude that, in the studied field, the agents of the innovation system, acting in accordance with their interests, mobilize, consciously or unconsciously, the evaluative factors of innovation present in their organizational culture, which, along with the influence of support factors (Capital), are essential for the formation of alliances and, consequently, to the process of innovation for Defense sector (OOTW segment). As expected, the unveiling of the subjacent structure led to the realization of an accurate diagnosis of the studied system, allowing the researcher to launch a critical eye on it, which contributes to the proposition of a safe intervention in the current model. The proposed model sought to encourage also the creation, advancement and dissemination of non-technological innovations, in contrast to the current, which focuses primarily technological approach. Additionally, some measures have been suggested, in order to increase the interactions between the main actors of the system.
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    Organização administrativa brasileira: quadro atual e propostas acerca da estruturação de entidades vocacionais ao desenvolvimento de políticas de estado, não subordinadas ao poder público central
    (2011-04) Guerra, Sérgio
    The object of this research is to show the pattern of the Regulatory State in Brazil, its complexity and the model used in the 90's for its implementation. Was created some special entities with autonomous functional in relation to Central Government. Examining the reason and the form adopted for the management of the regulatory authorities are structured in Brazil in the wake of an attempt to reform the administrative organization in the form of management, we intend to analyze whether this path should be followed, even though part to other state sectors. The present analysis involves the redefinition of the division of tasks and responsibilities between 'Government entities' and public entities whose mission requires continuity ('State entities'), especially in cases of alternation of power. It is intended to contribute to the structuring of organizations dedicated to the development of government policies.
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    Direito fundamental à boa administração e governança: democratizando a função administrativa
    (2010-06-18) Valle, Vanice Regina Lírio do
    A enunciação de um direito fundamental à boa administração oferecida pela ciência jurídica, é proposta cuja avaliação exige, necessariamente, um diálogo com a administração pública como disciplina autônoma, orientado à identificação do que possa ser essa realidade que se deseja alcançar – boa administração. A investigação se fez a partir do percurso histórico das reformas administrativas já havidas no Brasil, e do referencial teórico passado e presente, no campo da administração pública, acerca de quais sejam os elementos que qualificam a função administrativa. Fixadas essas premissas a partir do campo da administração pública, com a identificação da governança como a proposta do momento, cumpre retomar o direito, e verificar se isso que se propõe como modelo adequado pode ser de alguma forma, tutelado pelo direito – particularmente como direito fundamental, apto a determinar obrigações ao Estado à conta de sua dimensão objetiva. A conclusão é de que é compatível com o sistema constitucional brasileiro, a afirmação de que a governança possa se apresentar como a face objetiva do direito fundamental à boa administração; e mais ainda, que o direito pode contribuir para a maior efetividade dessa linha de conduta administrativa que contribuir para a democratização. Finalmente, numa abordagem propositiva, apontam-se práticas que, incorporadas ao dia-a-dia da administração, podem contribuir para a incorporação da governança na Administração Pública brasileira.