Citizenization and Ethnogeneses in Brazil: Notes on a reflection about the Political and Social Emergencies of Indigenous Peoples in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century

Abstract

Historically, indigenous peoples have been uniting in the fight for rights in relation to the surrounding community. Many groups, using specific strategies, have developed processes of political emergencies in the struggle for the recognition of their differences. Ever since the Constitution of 1988 and due to important social phenomena, many groups began to have their human rights legally recognized. We believe that the indigenous and pro-indigenous associations and organizations that emerged from the second half of the twentieth century devised particular strategies that resulted in the recognition of the specificities of the indigenous peoples vis-à-vis the Brazilian State. In our view, ethnogenesis and ethnicity phenomena form the basis of the prominence of the indigenous populations in Brazilian history.