A organização da justiça militar no Brasil: Império e República
Abstract
The purpose of the article is to present the structure and functioning of the military justice throughout Brazil's history, including the imperial and republican periods. To do so, we decided to map and analyze the legislation responsible for outlining the contours of this justice, considering its composition, its attributions and the scope of its work, judging military and civilian. The creation and persistence of an undefined military court are closely related with the discussions about military professionalization and the gradual involvement of the military in political issues, until they established themselves as relevant political actors with the instauration of the republican regime. L'article veut présenter la structure et le fonctionnement de la Justice Militaire au long de l'histoire du Brésil, en englobant les périodes impériale et républicaine. Dans ce sens, nous irons cartographier et analyser la législation qui encadre cette justice, en observant sa composition, ses attributions et ses compétences par rapport aux militaires et aux civils. La création et la persistance d'une jurisdiction militaire peu définie sont intimement liées au débat sur la professionnalisation de la carrière militaire et l'implication croissante des militaires dans des questions politiques, jusqu'à ce qu'ils deviennent des acteurs politiques de premier plan à partir de l'instauration du régime républicain. A proposta do artigo é apresentar a estrutura e o funcionamento da justiça militar ao longo da história do Brasil, abarcando os períodos imperial e republicano. Para tanto, optou-se por mapear e analisar a legislação que delineia os contornos dessa justiça, considerando sua composição, suas atribuições e o alcance de seu trabalho, julgando militares e civis. A criação e a permanência de um foro militar pouco definido estão intimamente relacionadas ao debate sobre a profissionalização da carreira e o gradativo envolvimento dos militares com questões políticas, até se firmarem como atores políticos relevantes a partir da instauração do regime republicano.
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